Why does Martha take a particular interest in protecting Tempest (the fox) from trappers?
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That was an interesting plot element, wasn’t it, @Jill. I’m not entirely sure why the author included it. I felt the same way about Percy, the peregrine falcon. Anyone know if the Ballards historically had a pet falcon?
I felt Tempest was symbolic of how she cared for and protected women from ignorant or abusive men.
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Agree Jackie with what you said.
There is a quote where Ephraim informs Martha that, “Foxes and coyotes are natural enemies.” Martha has been enamored by the silver fox throughout the book and North has a coyote-dog, therefore extending the dispute between them into the realm of their animal familiars. At end of book Martha’s fox flourishes, having several babies. Therefore Martha triumphs over North!!!
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Not sure about Percy, Kim.
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There is something I remember where Ephraim finds coyote paw prints (North’s coyote-dog) and feathers scattered around, and Ephraim hopes Percy fought back and got away. Then I believe they (not sure who) see Percy later flying back to the mill. Not sure why this is in book. I’m always interested in symbols in the books when I’m reading. 
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You articulated analysis is perfect, Jill.
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I agree with both Jackie_Dupey & Jill_Grebe. Both Percy & Tempest represent nature, and Martha relied on herbal & natural medicinals when treating patients. Also, I thought of them as being the spirit animals for both Martha & Ephraim since they guided the Ballards throughout the book.
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Oh I like that, Carol.
Jackie, I remembered the quote where Ephraim informed Martha about foxes and coyotes so I searched online and found information about the symbolism of the fox and coyote in, The Frozen River. So can’t take credit for that.
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I think Martha identifies with Tempest because they both navigate a hostile world.
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I believe that Tempest and Martha formed a bond. They are both hunted by men. One for her valuable silver pelt, one for her professional knowledge and demeanor in a culture where women were to stay home and be silent.
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Martha and Tempest seem to have a spiritual connection. If Tempest is hunted and killed, that is due to man’s abusive power. The women in the book, including Martha, face this abusive power in many ways.
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Wow! These are all terrific responses! I, too, was most interested in the fox’s role in the story, especially since she was first introduced at the very beginning of the story before any other characters when she finds the man’s body under the ice. I agree with several comments about she & Martha being kindred spirits who understand the harm that men can do to females, regardless of the species. Ephraim told Martha that the Wabanaki believed the fox to be a guide during uncertain times. It was certainly a time of upheaval for Martha with the insertion of Dr. Page into her domain as a midwife & healer, the stress of the upcoming trial, the dealings with Joseph North’s underhandedness, & the worries about her adult/teen children. It was almost as though the fox was meant to be a guardian to Martha through her difficult times.
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What wonderful and insightful comments! They gave me much to re-think about!
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Martha had great respect and cared for all natural creatures. Animals , I believe have a sense of human goodness or threat, and can sense our feelings, fears, and needs. I agree with others that the fox and were kindred spirits.
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To me, Tempest was symbolic of Martha’s independence. She was unique, brave and strong willed…
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